{"dataset":{"id":"currencies_fx","title":"currencies fx","row_count":98,"columns":["iso3","country","metric","value","unit","year","source","source_url","as_of","notes"],"csv":"https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/currencies_fx/scoreboard.csv","sha256":"bb197376821cd55d72a3ab2edfd65d50b500eef8cbf4cfb7300b3d638f55780f","documents":["https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/currencies_fx/README.md","https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/currencies_fx/gaps.md","https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/currencies_fx/provenance.json"],"policy":"Rows preserve CSV strings, including numeric precision. Empty strings mean missing, never zero. Fields and units vary by dataset; inspect columns and linked source/coverage documents. Observation years, source dates and projections must not be treated as interchangeable. Third-party data retains its original terms."},"data":[{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"fx_regime","value":"currency_board","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. Currency board vs SGD; Currency Interchangeability Agreement with Singapore"},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"SGD","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. Currency board vs SGD; Currency Interchangeability Agreement with Singapore"},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"Currency board vs SGD; Currency Interchangeability Agreement with Singapore","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"1.27679","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=BND; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"-0.68","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"1.307595","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"fx_regime","value":"crawl_like","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER de facto crawl-like (from stabilized, Mar 2022); USD exchange-rate anchor column"},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"USD","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER de facto crawl-like (from stabilized, Mar 2022); USD exchange-rate anchor column"},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER de facto crawl-like (from stabilized, Mar 2022); USD exchange-rate anchor column","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"4039.1","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=KHR; TIME_PERIOD=2026-07; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-07."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"0.7","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-07 vs 2025-07. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"4013.43","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"fx_regime","value":"floating","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"none","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"17805.01","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=IDR; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"9.18","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"16477.87","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"reer_index","value":"87.77","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) real broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=R; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = real appreciation vs trading partners."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"reer_yoy_pct","value":"-8.62","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER REER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((REER_2026-08 / REER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = real appreciation."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"neer_index","value":"86.23","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) nominal broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=N; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"neer_yoy_pct","value":"-9.55","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER NEER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((NEER_2026-08 / NEER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"fx_regime","value":"other_managed","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER other managed (Mar 2022); Other monetary framework"},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"other","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER other managed (Mar 2022); Other monetary framework"},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER other managed (Mar 2022); Other monetary framework","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"22007.2","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=LAK; TIME_PERIOD=2026-06; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-06."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"7.99","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-06 vs 2025-06. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"20167.33","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2024. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"fx_regime","value":"floating","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER floating; Other monetary framework (not listed under inflation-targeting in Table 4)"},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"none","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER floating; Other monetary framework (not listed under inflation-targeting in Table 4)"},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER floating; Other monetary framework (not listed under inflation-targeting in Table 4)","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"4.065023","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=MYR; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"-3.83","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"4.284424","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"reer_index","value":"105.04","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) real broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=R; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = real appreciation vs trading partners."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"reer_yoy_pct","value":"3.36","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER REER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((REER_2026-08 / REER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = real appreciation."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"neer_index","value":"109.44","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) nominal broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=N; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"neer_yoy_pct","value":"3.98","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER NEER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((NEER_2026-08 / NEER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"fx_regime","value":"stabilized","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER stabilized (from other managed); de facto USD anchor (fn4); monetary aggregate framework; conflict-era caveat"},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"USD","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER stabilized (from other managed); de facto USD anchor (fn4); monetary aggregate framework; conflict-era caveat"},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER stabilized (from other managed); de facto USD anchor (fn4); monetary aggregate framework; conflict-era caveat","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"2100.0","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2024","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=MMK; TIME_PERIOD=2024-03; COLLECTION=A (period average). CONFLICT/DATA CAUTION: latest BIS MMK observation is 2024-03 only — do not treat as 2026 market print. WDI PA.NUS.FCRF stops at 2020 (1381.62) — do not splice without badges."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"","unit":"%","year":"2024","source":"Derived only when same bilateral series has matching month t and t-12","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: no clean 12-month match on latest MMR BIS observation"},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"1381.62","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2020","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2020. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges. MMR WDI only through 2020 — stale; prefer BIS with conflict caveat or leave empty in graphics."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"fx_regime","value":"floating","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"none","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"61.4451","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=PHP; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"7.55","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"57.5051","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"reer_index","value":"97.04","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) real broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=R; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = real appreciation vs trading partners."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"reer_yoy_pct","value":"-3.35","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER REER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((REER_2026-08 / REER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = real appreciation."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"neer_index","value":"87.47","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) nominal broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=N; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"neer_yoy_pct","value":"-6.87","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER NEER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((NEER_2026-08 / NEER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"fx_regime","value":"crawl_like","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER crawl-like (retroactive Dec 2021, fn8); anchored to S$NEER / composite; MAS exchange-rate centred"},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"composite","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER crawl-like (retroactive Dec 2021, fn8); anchored to S$NEER / composite; MAS exchange-rate centred"},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER crawl-like (retroactive Dec 2021, fn8); anchored to S$NEER / composite; MAS exchange-rate centred","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"1.276283","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=SGD; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"-0.73","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"1.30745","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"reer_index","value":"114.81","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) real broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=R; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = real appreciation vs trading partners."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"reer_yoy_pct","value":"0.68","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER REER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((REER_2026-08 / REER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = real appreciation."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"neer_index","value":"114.03","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) nominal broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=N; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"neer_yoy_pct","value":"0.89","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER NEER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((NEER_2026-08 / NEER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"fx_regime","value":"floating","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"none","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework"},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER floating; inflation-targeting monetary framework","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"33.0116","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=THB; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-08."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"1.7","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-08 vs 2025-08. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"32.8828","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"reer_index","value":"98.18","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) real broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=R; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = real appreciation vs trading partners."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"reer_yoy_pct","value":"-1.49","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER REER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((REER_2026-08 / REER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = real appreciation."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"neer_index","value":"103.63","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS effective exchange rates (WS_EER) nominal broad monthly","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"EER_TYPE=N; EER_BASKET=B (broad); base 2020=100; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08. Rise = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"neer_yoy_pct","value":"-1.73","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived from same BIS WS_EER NEER broad series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"((NEER_2026-08 / NEER_2025-08) - 1) * 100. Positive = nominal appreciation."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"fx_regime","value":"stabilized","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER stabilized (Oct 2022); anchors to broader reference basket; dong may fluctuate within ±5% daily band vs USD (AREAER overview)"},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"composite","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER stabilized (Oct 2022); anchors to broader reference basket; dong may fluctuate within ±5% daily band vs USD (AREAER overview)"},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER stabilized (Oct 2022); anchors to broader reference basket; dong may fluctuate within ±5% daily band vs USD (AREAER overview)","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"25168.4","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2026","source":"BIS bilateral exchange rates (WS_XRU) monthly average","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"CURRENCY=VND; TIME_PERIOD=2026-06; COLLECTION=A (average of observations through period); LCU per 1 USD. Badge month 2026-06."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"0.63","unit":"%","year":"2026","source":"Derived: ((LCU/USD_t / LCU/USD_t-12) - 1) * 100 from same BIS WS_XRU A series","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Positive = more LCU per USD vs year-ago (local depreciation vs USD). Period 2026-06 vs 2025-06. Not a REER move."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"24164.89","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2024. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"fx_regime","value":"no_separate_legal_tender","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 (de facto as of 30 Apr 2023)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"De facto classification; year badges AREAER 2023 / as-of 2023-04-30. AREAER no separate legal tender; US dollar is legal tender"},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"fx_anchor","value":"USD","unit":"label","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023 Table 4 / overview (monetary / FX anchor)","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Anchor chip from AREAER monetary-policy / exchange-rate-anchor columns. AREAER no separate legal tender; US dollar is legal tender"},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"fx_regime_detail","value":"AREAER no separate legal tender; US dollar is legal tender","unit":"text","year":"2023","source":"IMF AREAER 2023","source_url":"https://www.imf.org/en/publications/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions/issues/2024/12/19/annual-report-on-exchange-arrangements-and-exchange-restrictions-2023-541890","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Short regime note for chips / callouts; not a numeric panel"},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"usd_bilateral","value":"1.0","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF (official) + AREAER (USD legal tender)","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"Timor-Leste uses USD; WDI official rate = 1. BIS WS_XRU has no TL series — empty would mislead; locked at 1 with USD-legal-tender note"},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"usd_yoy_pct","value":"","unit":"%","year":"2025","source":"Derived only when same bilateral series has matching month t and t-12","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/XRU","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: dollarized / no meaningful LCU YoY"},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"usd_bilateral_wdi","value":"1","unit":"LCU_per_USD","year":"2025","source":"World Bank WDI PA.NUS.FCRF","source_url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"WDI PA.NUS.FCRF official exchange rate (LCU per USD) annual; API lastupdated 2026-07-13. Secondary to BIS monthly — badge year 2025. Do not bar-mix with BIS month without badges."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"reer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set (confirmed via WS_EER M.R.B pull 2026-08). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"neer_index","value":"","unit":"index_2020=100","year":"2026","source":"BIS WS_EER (no series for this REF_AREA in broad basket)","source_url":"https://data.bis.org/topics/EER","as_of":"2026-09-17","notes":"GAP: economy not in BIS broad EER 64-economy set. Do not invent."}],"pagination":{"total":98,"limit":100,"offset":0,"next_offset":null}}