{"dataset":{"id":"innovation_rd","title":"innovation rd","row_count":66,"columns":["iso3","country","metric","value","year","source","source_url","as_of","notes"],"csv":"https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/innovation_rd/scoreboard.csv","sha256":"9a73c2d354b32d27447a96452a3711cc78054031bd03d71ed44bf1d8ac56ea74","documents":["https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/innovation_rd/README.md","https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/innovation_rd/gaps.md","https://asean.bettergov.ph/data/innovation_rd/provenance.json"],"policy":"Rows preserve CSV strings, including numeric precision. Empty strings mean missing, never zero. Fields and units vary by dataset; inspect columns and linked source/coverage documents. Observation years, source dates and projections must not be treated as interchangeable. Third-party data retains its original terms."},"data":[{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.27764","year":"2018","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=BN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Badge †2018 — older than 2020+ peers."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"506.18125","year":"2022","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=BN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2022."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"2","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=BN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"1.06433459453488","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=BN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"gii_rank","value":"88","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/bn.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"BRN","country":"Brunei","metric":"gii_score","value":"24.5","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.08828","year":"2015","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=KH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Badge †2015 — older than 2020+ peers."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"30.38923","year":"2015","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=KH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Badge †2015 — older than 2020+ peers."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"1","year":"2018","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=KH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2018."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"5.26214140574212","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=KH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"gii_rank","value":"100","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/kh.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","metric":"gii_score","value":"22.0","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.28068","year":"2020","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=ID","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2020 — older than 2022–2023 peers."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"395.34168","year":"2020","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=ID","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2020 — older than 2022–2023 peers."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"1397","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=ID","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"8.7110437578916","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=ID","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"gii_rank","value":"55","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/id.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"IDN","country":"Indonesia","metric":"gii_score","value":"31.3","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.0371","year":"2002","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=LA","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Badge †2002 — extremely stale."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"15.62884","year":"2002","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=LA","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Badge †2002 — extremely stale."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"1","year":"2018","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=LA","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2018."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"7.41963729583454","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=LA","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"gii_rank","value":"109","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/la.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"LAO","country":"Laos","metric":"gii_score","value":"20.1","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"1.0121","year":"2022","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=MY","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2022."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"1218.32989","year":"2022","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=MY","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2022."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"883","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=MY","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"58.6276748543331","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=MY","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"gii_rank","value":"34","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/my.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","metric":"gii_score","value":"40.6","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.02307","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=MM","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"28.00891","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=MM","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"","year":"","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=MM","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — no non-null WDI observation in 2000–2025 pull. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"5.19991999790977","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=MM","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"gii_rank","value":"122","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/mm.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"MMR","country":"Myanmar","metric":"gii_score","value":"17.3","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.27625","year":"2020","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=PH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2020 — older than 2022–2023 peers."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"320.27857","year":"2020","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=PH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2020 — older than 2022–2023 peers."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"490","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=PH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"60.975307025875","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=PH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"gii_rank","value":"50","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/ph.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"PHL","country":"Philippines","metric":"gii_score","value":"33.6","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"1.80821","year":"2022","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=SG","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2022."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"8781.74332","year":"2022","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=SG","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2022."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"2024","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=SG","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"59.429782938503","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=SG","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"gii_rank","value":"5","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/sg.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"SGP","country":"Singapore","metric":"gii_score","value":"59.9","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.93628","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=TH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"1591.96746","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=TH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"867","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=TH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"28.3057768762254","year":"2024","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=TH","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2024."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"gii_rank","value":"45","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/th.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"THA","country":"Thailand","metric":"gii_score","value":"36.7","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"0.41456","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=VN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"836.10677","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=VN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"UNESCO UIS via WDI. Mixed vintages — badge country year. Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"1066","year":"2021","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=VN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Resident patent applications at national/regional office (WIPO via WDI). Vintage 2021."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"44.256885251682","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=VN","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"gii_rank","value":"44","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 country brief (139 economies)","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/gii-ranking/2025/vn.pdf","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Global rank among 139 economies (lower = more innovative). Primary: WIPO country brief PDF."},{"iso3":"VNM","country":"Vietnam","metric":"gii_score","value":"37.1","year":"2025","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025 score (via TheGlobalEconomy.com ASEAN / country pages citing WIPO)","source_url":"https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/GII_Index/ASEAN/","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"Index 0–100. Rank verified from WIPO PDF; score from TGE republication of WIPO GII 2025 (saved _raw/). TLS not ranked."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"rd_expenditure_pct_gdp","value":"","year":"","source":"World Bank WDI GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=TL","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — no non-null WDI observation in 2000–2025 pull. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"researchers_per_million","value":"","year":"","source":"World Bank WDI SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=TL","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — no non-null WDI observation in 2000–2025 pull. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"patent_applications_residents","value":"","year":"","source":"World Bank WDI IP.PAT.RESD (WIPO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD?locations=TL","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — no non-null WDI observation in 2000–2025 pull. Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"high_tech_exports_pct_mfg","value":"1.52605032155587","year":"2023","source":"World Bank WDI TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS (UN Comtrade / WITS)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS?locations=TL","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"High-technology exports as % of manufactured exports (UN Comtrade via WDI). Vintage 2023."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"gii_rank","value":"","year":"","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/gii-2025-results.html","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — Timor-Leste not among 139 economies in GII 2025 (WIPO country brief URL 404). Do not invent."},{"iso3":"TLS","country":"Timor-Leste","metric":"gii_score","value":"","year":"","source":"WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025","source_url":"https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/gii-2025-results.html","as_of":"2026-09-06","notes":"GAP — Timor-Leste not among 139 economies in GII 2025 (WIPO country brief URL 404). Do not invent."}],"pagination":{"total":66,"limit":100,"offset":0,"next_offset":null}}