# Innovation & R&D scoreboard (ASEAN-10 + Timor-Leste)

Comparable country pack for **R&D expenditure % GDP**, **researchers per million**, **resident patent applications**, **high-tech exports % of manufactured exports**, and **WIPO Global Innovation Index** (rank + score). Built for Asia Knowledge → ASEAN in Data.

**As of:** 2026-09-06  
**Coverage:** BRN, KHM, IDN, LAO, MYS, MMR, PHL, SGP, THA, VNM, TLS  
**Badge:** **mixed vintages** (esp. R&D spend / researchers 2002–2023; patents mostly 2021; high-tech mostly 2023–2024; GII **2025**)  
**Rule:** No invented numbers — empty cells are intentional (see `gaps.md`). Prefer WDI / UNESCO UIS / WIPO / WIPO GII.

## Indicators

| Metric ID | Unit | Source | Vintage |
|-----------|------|--------|---------|
| `rd_expenditure_pct_gdp` | % of GDP | WDI `GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS` (UNESCO UIS) | **2002–2023** (badge years) |
| `researchers_per_million` | per million people | WDI `SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6` (UNESCO UIS) | **2002–2023** (badge years) |
| `patent_applications_residents` | applications | WDI `IP.PAT.RESD` (WIPO) | **2018–2021** (MMR/TLS GAP) |
| `high_tech_exports_pct_mfg` | % of manufactured exports | WDI `TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS` (UN Comtrade) | **2023–2024** |
| `gii_rank` | global rank (1 = best) | WIPO GII 2025 country briefs | **2025** (TLS GAP) |
| `gii_score` | index 0–100 | WIPO GII 2025 via TheGlobalEconomy (cites WIPO) | **2025** (TLS GAP) |

### Reading note

**High-tech export share ≠ domestic R&D intensity.** The Philippines and peers can lead on assembly/export composition while lagging on GERD % GDP and researchers — keep those series on separate axes.

## Files

| File | Role |
|------|------|
| `scoreboard.csv` | Long-format metric rows (11 × 6 metrics) — **canonical** |
| `scoreboard_wide.csv` | Wide pivot of the same locked values |
| `gaps.md` | Hard gaps, stale vintages, deferred series |
| `provenance.json` | Source codes, GII edition, raw file list |
| `_raw/` | WDI JSON pulls + WIPO GII PDFs + TGE HTML |
| `../../PUBLISHABLE_Innovation_RD_SEA.md` | Writer brief |
| `../../SPEC_Innovation_RD_SEA.md` | Designer brief |

## British English

Documentation uses British English where it does not conflict with primary-source labels.