{
  "pack": "rcep_preference_margins",
  "title": "RCEP preference margins SEA",
  "as_of": "2026-10-02",
  "timezone": "Europe/London",
  "pillar": "Growth engines",
  "companion_of": "topics/tariffs_rcep",
  "dual_story": "applied MFN / applied tariff levels \u2260 RCEP preferential access / utilisation",
  "coverage": {
    "sea11": [
      "BRN",
      "KHM",
      "IDN",
      "LAO",
      "MYS",
      "MMR",
      "PHL",
      "SGP",
      "THA",
      "VNM",
      "TLS"
    ],
    "day1_duty_free_ams": 10,
    "tls_status": "not_applicable_not_party"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "APEC Policy Support Unit \u2014 Study on Tariffs: Analysis of the RCEP Tariff Liberalization Schedules",
      "date": "2022-05",
      "url": "https://research.apec.org/rcep/files/Study%20on%20tariffs_RCEP%20(Final)%2006May2022.pdf",
      "fields": [
        "base_duty_free_pct",
        "day1_duty_free_pct",
        "ultimate_aggregate_89.7pct"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "name": "ERIA \u2014 Hayakawa, How Preferential are RCEP Tariffs? (DP-2022-13 / No.442)",
      "date": "2022-09",
      "url": "https://www.eria.org/uploads/media/discussion-papers/FY22/How-Preferential-are-RCEP-Tariffs.pdf",
      "fields": [
        "eria_margin_band",
        "forerunner_max_approx_0.6pp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "name": "IDE-JETRO Policy Brief No.200 \u2014 Utilization of RCEP and its Determinants",
      "date": "2025-01-10",
      "url": "https://www.ide.go.jp/library/Japanese/Publish/Reports/AjikenPolicyBrief/pdf/200_ver2.pdf",
      "fields": [
        "utilisation_partner.csv"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "name": "CIRD / Reformdata EN \u2014 RCEP: Shaping the New Future for Asia's Economy",
      "date": "c.2024-2025",
      "url": "http://img.reformdata.org/templates/reformdata/cird/xz/en/19.pdf",
      "fields": [
        "rcep_export_utilisation_pct VNM/THA/MYS"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "name": "Enterprise Singapore \u2014 RCEP page (~92% goods traded)",
      "url": "https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/grow-your-business/go-global/international-agreements/free-trade-agreements/find-an-fta/rcep"
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "name": "Singapore MTI \u2014 RCEP page (EIF dates)",
      "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/trade-international-economic-relations/agreements/free-trade-agreements-fta/rcep"
    },
    {
      "id": 7,
      "name": "World Bank WDI via topics/tariffs_rcep companion join",
      "fields": [
        "applied_sm_tariff_pct",
        "mfn_sm_tariff_pct"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 8,
      "name": "ACI Perspectives \u2014 RCEP Unmasked (method note on preference margins vs existing PTAs)",
      "date": "2025-03-19",
      "url": "https://aciperspectives.com/2025/03/19/rcep-unmasked-modest-tariff-cuts-untapped-trade-benefits"
    },
    {
      "id": 9,
      "name": "FULCRUM \u2014 Reaping the Benefits of RCEP: From Utilisation to Exports",
      "url": "https://fulcrum.sg/reaping-the-benefits-of-rcep-from-utilisation-to-exports"
    }
  ],
  "files": [
    "scoreboard.csv",
    "scoreboard_wide.csv",
    "utilisation_partner.csv",
    "gaps.md",
    "README.md",
    "provenance.json",
    "_raw/"
  ],
  "methods": {
    "no_invented_hs_rates": true,
    "empty_not_zero": true,
    "idn_phl_day1_ranges": "IDN 65.0-65.1; PHL 81.9-83.0 \u2014 midpoint in day1_duty_free_pct with lo/hi columns",
    "applied_mfn_are_joins": true
  }
}