The Philippines is a net energy importer with nearly four-fifths of electricity from fossil fuels — and the region’s second nickel miner after Indonesia.

Access is already high at 94.8%. Singapore’s import ratio is an entrepôt artefact, not household scarcity. EI power mix covers ID/MY/TH/VN only — don’t invent a Laos hydro bar. Renewables % can include traditional biomass.

What the comparison shows

High electricity access can coexist with reliance on imported energy and fossil-fuel generation. The Philippines’ nickel production adds another dimension: supplying a transition-related mineral does not mean the domestic power system has already decarbonised. Access, security of supply and the generation mix need separate readings.

How to interpret the findings

Energy import ratios can reflect trading-hub activity, especially in Singapore. Renewable consumption may include traditional biomass, and the supplied EI power-mix coverage is limited to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Missing generation observations should not be filled using assumptions about a country’s natural resources.

Coverage and context

WDI and EI metrics use separate vintages and denominators. Singapore net imports reflect entrepôt activity; renewables may include traditional biomass. EI power-mix coverage is ID/MY/TH/VN only.

The table is a comparison of observations, not a combined ranking. The topic guide includes the wider SEA-11 coverage, interactive charts and full methodology.