Energy & commodities
Electricity access
Access measures connection coverage, not reliability or affordability.
% of population
WDI · 2024SEA-11 · Singapore is regional context, outside the peer five
Read observation years separately. Regional scales stay fixed when filtering peers.
| Country | % of population 0100 | Year | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 100.0. |
| Malaysia | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 100.0. |
| SingaporeRegional context · not a peer | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 100.0. |
| Thailand | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 100.0. |
| Vietnam | 100.0 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 100.0. |
| Indonesia | 99.9 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 99.9. |
| Cambodia | 99.2 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 99.2. |
| Laos | 96.5 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 96.5. |
| Philippines | 94.8 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 94.8. |
| Timor-Leste | 94.3 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 94.3. |
| Myanmar | 80.4 | 2024 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesAccess to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI. Original CSV value: 80.4. |
Philippines highlighted. Net import bars diverge from zero; other bars start at zero. Gaps have no bars.
Net energy imports
Positive means net importer; negative means net exporter. Singapore’s ratio reflects entrepôt and refining activity, not household scarcity.
% of energy use
WDI · MIXED VINTAGESSEA-11 · Singapore is regional context, outside the peer five
Read observation years separately. Regional scales stay fixed when filtering peers.
| Country | % of energy use -2000 = balanced300 | Year | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SingaporeEntrepôt / refining · not household scarcityRegional context · not a peer | 279.6 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: 279.62. |
| Cambodia | 58.9 | 2021 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: 58.93. |
| Thailand | 57.5 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: 57.51. |
| Philippines | 54.4 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: 54.43. |
| Vietnam | 34.0 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: 34.0. |
| Malaysia | -0.6 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: -0.58. |
| Myanmar | -19.0 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: -19.03. |
| Laos | -49.0 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: -49.02. |
| Indonesia | -89.6 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: -89.55. |
| Brunei | -172.6 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesEnergy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade. Original CSV value: -172.55. |
| Timor-Leste | —GAP · not zero | — | World Bank WDI EG.IMP.CONS.ZS · year not available · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: no WDI observation (TLS). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
Philippines highlighted. Net import bars diverge from zero; other bars start at zero. Gaps have no bars.
Fossil electricity
Oil, gas and coal combined. EI coal-generation shares are a separate 2024 measure, itemised only for Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam; see country profiles or the CSV.
% of electricity output
WDI / IEA · MIXED VINTAGESSEA-11 · Singapore is regional context, outside the peer five
Read observation years separately. Regional scales stay fixed when filtering peers.
| Country | % of electricity output 0100 | Year | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei | 99.9 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 99.88. |
| Timor-Leste | 99.6 | 2021 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 99.63. |
| SingaporeRegional context · not a peer | 95.0 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 95.0. |
| Indonesia | 84.0 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 84.02. |
| Malaysia | 81.6 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 81.57. |
| Thailand | 80.4 | 2023 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 80.44. |
| Philippines | 77.9 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 77.86. |
| Myanmar | 55.9 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 55.86. |
| Vietnam | 50.9 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 50.9. |
| Cambodia | 35.2 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 35.19. |
| Laos | 23.9 | 2022 | World Bank WDI EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS (IEA) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesElectricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Original CSV value: 23.87. |
Philippines highlighted. Net import bars diverge from zero; other bars start at zero. Gaps have no bars.
Nickel mine production
Indonesia and the Philippines are the only SEA countries itemised in this USGS table. One shared scale preserves Indonesia’s much larger production; other countries are gaps, not zero producers.
Thousand tonnes of nickel content
USGS · 2024SEA-11 · Singapore is regional context, outside the peer five
Read observation years separately. Regional scales stay fixed when filtering peers.
| Country | Thousand tonnes of nickel content 02500 | Year | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | 2,31062.3% of world production | 2024 | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel (derived share) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesMine production 2,310,000 metric tons Ni content (2024). World total 3,710,000 t. Original CSV value: 2310. |
| Philippines | 3549.5% of world production | 2024 | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel (derived share) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesMine production 354,000 metric tons Ni content (2024). World total 3,710,000 t. Original CSV value: 354. |
| Brunei | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Cambodia | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Laos | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Malaysia | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Myanmar | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| SingaporeRegional context · not a peer | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Thailand | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Timor-Leste | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Vietnam | —GAP · not zero | — | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Nickel · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
Philippines highlighted. Net import bars diverge from zero; other bars start at zero. Gaps have no bars.
Hydro generation
Only itemised EI country observations are shown. Laos is a gap in this table; narrative hydro shares are not substituted.
TWh
ENERGY INSTITUTE · 2024SEA-11 · Singapore is regional context, outside the peer five
Read observation years separately. Regional scales stay fixed when filtering peers.
| Country | TWh 0100 | Year | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | 88.7 | 2024 | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 — Hydroelectricity Generation · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesHydroelectricity generation (TWh), 2024. Gross primary hydro; not adjusted for cross-border trade. Original CSV value: 88.7. |
| Malaysia | 34.4 | 2024 | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 — Hydroelectricity Generation · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesHydroelectricity generation (TWh), 2024. Gross primary hydro; not adjusted for cross-border trade. Original CSV value: 34.4. |
| Indonesia | 26.5 | 2024 | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 — Hydroelectricity Generation · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesHydroelectricity generation (TWh), 2024. Gross primary hydro; not adjusted for cross-border trade. Original CSV value: 26.5. |
| Philippines | 11.1 | 2024 | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 — Hydroelectricity Generation · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesHydroelectricity generation (TWh), 2024. Gross primary hydro; not adjusted for cross-border trade. Original CSV value: 11.1. |
| Thailand | 6.4 | 2024 | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 — Hydroelectricity Generation · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesHydroelectricity generation (TWh), 2024. Gross primary hydro; not adjusted for cross-border trade. Original CSV value: 6.4. |
| Brunei | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Cambodia | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Laos | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Myanmar | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| SingaporeRegional context · not a peer | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
| Timor-Leste | —GAP · not zero | — | Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2025 · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06 Observation notesGAP: not separately itemised (LAO hydro exports noted in IEA SEA Outlook 2026 narrative; see gaps.md). Original CSV value: not supplied. |
Philippines highlighted. Net import bars diverge from zero; other bars start at zero. Gaps have no bars.
Key findings from this pack
- PH is a net energy importer; Singapore’s import ratio reflects entrepôt activity.
- Indonesia’s nickel production is much larger than the Philippines’, on a shared scale.
- EI power-mix coverage is limited to the four itemised countries.
- Missing hydro observations remain gaps; renewable consumption can include traditional biomass.
Methods & coverage
Separate concepts and vintages
Electricity access is the WDI 2024 observation. Net imports and fossil electricity retain their country-specific WDI years. Fossil electricity includes oil, gas and coal; it is not the same metric as EI coal’s share of generation. EI 2024 power-mix shares are itemised only for Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. The download retains those separate series.
Import dependence
Negative net imports indicate an exporter. Singapore’s high positive ratio reflects entrepôt and refining activity, not household scarcity. The oil net-import proxy in the complete pack is derived from oil production and consumption and is not a customs import measure.
Nickel and hydro coverage
USGS nickel observations and derived world shares use 2024 production. Nickel content is shown in thousand tonnes on a shared zero-based scale, preserving Indonesia’s dominance relative to the Philippines. The rest of SEA-11 is not itemised in that table and remains missing. EI hydro generation is measured in TWh; missing Laos observations are not filled with a narrative hydro-share estimate.
Renewables and gaps
Renewable energy consumption can include traditional biomass; it does not mean modern clean electricity. Renewable electricity output, final energy consumption and EI generation shares have different denominators and years. Missing values remain gaps, never zero. Downloads retain full original precision; rows show source, year and as_of.
Cite this page
ASEAN in Data (2026). Energy & commodities. /topics/energy-commodities