Malaysia

Steady mid-pack growth (4.7%) with low inflation (1.9%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Steady mid-pack growth (4.7%) with low inflation (1.9%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Steady mid-pack growth (4.7%) with low inflation (1.9%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Steady mid-pack growth (4.7%) with low inflation (1.9%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Primary PH–MY lede metric (same year 2024).

WEO Apr 2026 PCPIPCH — 2026 projection (headline CPI % change); complements scale_growth

BIS WS_CBPOL monthly (BNM Overnight Policy Rate); cross-check BNM OPR Decisions hold at 2.75% on 09-Jul-2026; TIME_PERIOD=2026-08 monthly end-of-period

BNM inflation-targeting; OPR is the policy rate

Current account balance (% of GDP). BoP concept — do not conflate with fiscal balance. Vintage 2024 — badge if peers are 2025.

Total reserves in months of imports. Entrepôt / re-export economies (esp. Singapore) can look thin on this ratio despite large absolute reserves. Vintage 2024 — badge if peers are 2025.

Intentional IDS reporting-coverage gap. No external debt observation in the locked pull; not zero and not replaced by fiscal public debt.

Same-year 2024 peer comparison possible with MYS/PHL/SGP/THA.

Latest available non-null WDI observation. Revenue excl. grants (not tax-only).

IMF general government revenue % GDP — NOT the same series as WDI tax revenue or WDI revenue excl grants. Use for BRN/IDN/VNM revenue context; do not mix into WDI tax ranking.

E&E share of total gross exports (BNM EMR2024); semiconductors = 64% of E&E exports

AIR 2025 Figure 1.4. ICT/data centres US$5.8bn (~half); ASEAN US$5bn (44%); SGP US$4.8bn; HK US$4bn. Cross-check vs data/fdi_flows/recipient_totals.csv ASH2025.

AIR 2025 Malaysia: ICT/data centres +122% to US$5.8bn — ~half of MY FDI.

Display billion from svc_exports_usd; do not re-average

Display billion from ict_exports_usd; do not re-average

WDI BX.GSR.CCIS.ZS latest non-null; raw=8.65874213939161

Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. Cross-country comparable; may diverge from national LFS.

FAO cereal yield (kg/ha) via WDI. Includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, mixed grains.

FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) via WDI — moderate OR severe. Not the same as PoU.

FAO Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) via WDI. Three-year average typically centred on stated year.

Aligned with data/growth_engines/indicators.csv agr_pct_gdp (API-verified 2026-09-06).

Heritage Index of Economic Freedom overall score (0–100). Edition 2026. World rank 45; Asia-Pacific region rank 8; score change +0.9. PDF: https://static.heritage.org/index/pdf/2026/2026_indexofeconomicfreedom.pdf

Investment Freedom component (0–100). World rank 45; Asia-Pacific region rank 8; score change +0.9. PDF: https://static.heritage.org/index/pdf/2026/2026_indexofeconomicfreedom.pdf

Statutory FDI restrictiveness, total all activities (0=open, 1=closed). End-Dec 2024 measures. Prefer over discontinued Doing Business.

Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP). Prefer for credit-depth charts.

Commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults (IMF FAS via WDI).

Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%).

Access to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI.

Energy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade.

Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total).

GAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL).

Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high). LPI 2023 edition (Connecting to Compete 2023); WDI series date=2022.

Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units). Transshipment counted as two lifts — hub volumes look large vs domestic economy size.

Individuals using the Internet (% of population).

Median mobile download (Mbps). Consistent SEA-11 vintage from WB IEP chart citing Ookla Speedtest Global Index Sep 2025.

Account ownership at a financial institution or mobile-money provider (% age 15+). Global Findex 2025 wave (survey year in year field).

Cross-check baseline for source→recipient pack. SGP ~63% of ASEAN total — financial hub distortion.

Latest available 2024; mixed observation years.

Latest available 2024; mixed observation years.

Latest available 2024; mixed observation years.

Proportion of population covered by at least one social protection benefit (effective coverage). ILO construct — do not mix with ASPIRE household-survey coverage on the same axis. Sex=BOTHSEX. Source tag: ILO - Social Security Inquiry Database.

Proportion of persons above statutory pensionable age receiving a pension. Includes contributory and non-contributory where reported by ILO. Sex=BOTHSEX. Source tag: ILO - Social Security Inquiry Database.

Coverage of social protection and labor programs (% of population; direct+indirect beneficiaries). Household-survey ASPIRE — mixed/stale vintages; badge year. BRN/SGP typically not in ASPIRE. STALE vintage — badge year on chart.

Average monthly earnings in PPP international dollars (ILO conversion). Prefer for cross-country earnings comparison vs market-USD. STALE vintage (2020 Salaries and Wages Survey) — badge year. Full-time equivalents; gross. ILO note: Employment definition: Excluding own-use production workers | Central tendency measure: Mean | Value type: Nominal values | Accounting concept: Gross | Job coverage: Main job currently held | Working time arrangement ... Survey/source: ES - Salaries and Wages Survey

Statutory monthly minimum wage (ILO labour legislation). Definitions differ: national vs regional lowest vs mean of regions — badge year and read notes. Not a living-wage measure. ILO note: MYR: Ringgit Survey/source: ADM - Labour legislation

GDP price level index relative to the United States (=100). Higher = more expensive basket vs US. Living-cost / price-level panel — never mash with wage ranks.

Female LFPR (% of female population ages 15+). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. API-verified 2026-09-06.

Gender LFPR gap in percentage points (male minus female). Positive = male participation higher. Derived from same-year WDI modeled ILO.

GGGI score 0–1 (higher=more parity). Global rank 108. Cross-checked vs published 2025 rankings table.

Country-specific national line

income · HIS

Welfare basis: see source notes

Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Vintage 2024.

Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation via WDI. Vintage 2024.

Index 0–100 (geometric mean of tracer service-coverage indicators). WHO GHO original; OWID distribution. Vintage 2023 for all SEA-11. WDI SH.UHC.SRVS.CV.XD archived — not used.

adults aged 25+

PISA 2022 mean mathematics score (primary learning metric for this pack).

HCI scale 0–1. Latest published HCI vintage is 2020 (World Bank HCI update).

Labour force participation rate, total (% of population ages 15+). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. Value verified vs API 2026-09-06 and aligned with people_risk/indicators.csv.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. New to labour_youth pack (not previously in people_risk).

Unemployment, youth total (% of labour force ages 15-24). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. Aligned with people_risk/indicators.csv.

Total population. WDI demographic series based on UN World Population Prospects.

Population growth (annual %).

Total fertility rate (births per woman). Latest WDI vintage 2024 as of API pull.

EGDI composite 0–1 (higher=better); group=VHEGDI; rating=V2; egdi_rank_2022=53; epi_rank_2022=47; rank_improve_places=-4

EGDI global rank (1=best of 193); group=VHEGDI; rating=V2; egdi_rank_2022=53; epi_rank_2022=47; rank_improve_places=-4

E-Participation Index 0–1; group=VHEGDI; rating=V2; egdi_rank_2022=53; epi_rank_2022=47; rank_improve_places=-4

EPI global rank (1=best of 193); group=VHEGDI; rating=V2; egdi_rank_2022=53; epi_rank_2022=47; rank_improve_places=-4

Score 0-100. Republished by Nations Inquiry from publisher xlsx; direct xlsx captcha-blocked 2026-10-04. Methodology revised vs 2024; do not difference.

Global rank out of 195. Same file as the score. Not comparable to 2024 rank.

0-1 index as of 2023. DataMapper pull 2026-10-04. Vintage older than 2025. Rounded half-up to 3 d.p.

DataMapper series DI. Sums with HCLMP+IEI+RE to AI_PI. Not a 0-1 pillar score and not compute.

GAP: in the 83-country index but overall rank was not in the public Flourish radar. Do not infer.

Rank of 83. Flourish published 2025-08-13, chart still named GAII 5.0. Not MW or GPU.

Rank of 83. Skills panel. Not the overall index.

A extensive, B significant, C medium, D low. NOT an AI index.

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

Score · higher = freer

Sum of Total Affected across Natural disaster subtype-year rows, 2015–2024. Events=39; subtype-rows with blank affected=0/16. Years with ≥1 Natural event: 2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023. Damage reporting incomplete in EM-DAT — see damage metric notes.

INFORM dimension 0–10 (higher=worse); Natural sub=4.6; risk class=Medium. Overall INFORM total lives in governance_risk pack — not duplicated as sole column here.

Higher=better adaptation position; global rank 51/190 by 2024 score; zip resources-2026-26-05-12h02.zip

Medium