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People / Poverty & inequality

Poverty & inequality

National poverty lines, international PPP thresholds, and Gini. Read the insight →
PH / MY / TH / VN / ID for peer-five claimsDownload CSV ↓

National poverty

MIXED VINTAGES

National lines not cross-country comparable. Country order is alphabetical; this strip is domestic context, not a harmonised ranking.

% of population

SEA-11 · year and source on every row · no missing values filled

National poverty. Mixed vintages. Each row includes source, year and as_of.
Country% of populationSurvey year / welfareSource & notes
Brunei—N/A—

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC / ASEAN Key Figures · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP / N/A: not applicable / not reported in WDI or ASEAN Key Figures for national poverty line. Aligned with people_risk.

Cambodia21.52021

Country-specific national line

ASEAN Key Figures 2024 (national poverty line) · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

ASEAN KF2024 national line 21.5% (2021). WDI SI.POV.NAHC still 17.7% (2012) — stale. Aligned with people_risk/indicators.csv.

Indonesia9.02024

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI national poverty line. ASEAN KF2024 had 9.4% (2023). Aligned with people_risk.

Laos15.02024

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI national line. ASEAN KF2024 cited 18.3% (2018). Aligned with people_risk.

Malaysia5.12023

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI. ASEAN KF2024: 6.2% households (2022)—definition difference. Aligned with people_risk.

Myanmar24.82017 · STALE

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC / ASEAN Key Figures 2024 · year 2017 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

Latest national line still 2017 — stale; conflict-era updates scarce. Aligned with people_risk.

Philippines15.52023

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC / ASEAN Key Figures 2024 · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI / ASEAN KF2024 aligned at 15.5% (2023). Aligned with people_risk.

Singapore—N/A—

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC / ASEAN Key Figures · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP / N/A: official national poverty line not used/published like peers; ASEAN KF2024 marks N/A. Aligned with people_risk.

Thailand5.42022

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI. ASEAN KF2024 cited 6.8% (2020). Aligned with people_risk.

Timor-Leste41.82014 · STALE

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2014 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

Very stale; no recent national poverty update in WDI. Aligned with people_risk.

Vietnam4.22022

Country-specific national line

World Bank WDI SI.POV.NAHC · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI monetary national line. ASEAN KF2024 cites 3.4% (2023) multidimensional — different concept. Aligned with people_risk.

Philippines highlighted. Each row’s badge is the provenance for its value. Empty cells are gaps, not zero.

Poverty at $3.65 a day · 2017 PPP

MIXED VINTAGES

Legacy 2017 PPP lower-middle line. PH uses income (FIES); other welfare types are labelled row by row. Mixed survey years and welfare definitions limit comparability.

% of population

SEA-11 · year and source on every row · no missing values filled

Poverty at $3.65 a day · 2017 PPP. Mixed vintages. Each row includes source, year and as_of.
Country% of populationSurvey year / welfareSource & notes
Timor-Leste69.282014 · STALE

consumption · TLSLS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2014 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=TLSLS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI). Vintage badge: stale survey year.

Laos19.732024

consumption · LECS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=LECS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Myanmar19.652017 · STALE

consumption · MLCS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2017 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=MLCS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI). Vintage badge: stale survey year.

Philippines13.712023

Income · FIES

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=income · survey=FIES · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Indonesia12.582025

consumption · SUSENAS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2025 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=SUSENAS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Vietnam4.222022

consumption · VHLSS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=VHLSS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Thailand0.242024

consumption · SES

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=SES · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Malaysia0.12021

income · HIS

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=income · survey=HIS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Brunei—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $3.65/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Cambodia—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $3.65/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Singapore—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $3.65/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $3.65/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Philippines highlighted. Each row’s badge is the provenance for its value. Empty cells are gaps, not zero. Bars use a zero baseline.

Poverty at $6.85 a day · 2017 PPP

MIXED VINTAGES

Legacy 2017 PPP upper-middle line. This is a separate threshold, not combined with the $3.65 panel or national lines.

Within PH / MY / TH / VN / ID, more than half of Filipinos are below this line; only Indonesia has a higher reported rate. This is not a claim about the full SEA-11.

% of population

SEA-11 · year and source on every row · no missing values filled

Poverty at $6.85 a day · 2017 PPP. Mixed vintages. Each row includes source, year and as_of.
Country% of populationSurvey year / welfareSource & notes
Timor-Leste94.662014 · STALE

consumption · TLSLS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2014 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=TLSLS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI). Vintage badge: stale survey year.

Myanmar68.22017 · STALE

consumption · MLCS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2017 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=MLCS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI). Vintage badge: stale survey year.

Laos64.372024

consumption · LECS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=LECS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Indonesia56.572025

consumption · SUSENAS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2025 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=SUSENAS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Philippines51.252023

Income · FIES

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=income · survey=FIES · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Vietnam19.752022

consumption · VHLSS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=VHLSS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Thailand9.972024

consumption · SES

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=consumption · survey=SES · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Malaysia2.272021

income · HIS

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

PIP survey estimate · welfare=income · survey=HIS · interp=False. PHL uses income (matches WDI).

Brunei—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $6.85/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Cambodia—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $6.85/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Singapore—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank PIP $6.85/day (2017 PPP) · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no PIP survey estimate for $6.85/day (2017 PPP) (ppp_version=2017). BRN/SGP/KHM typically uncovered.

Philippines highlighted. Each row’s badge is the provenance for its value. Empty cells are gaps, not zero. Bars use a zero baseline.

Gini index

MIXED VINTAGES

Index 0–100; higher means greater inequality. Singapore is SingStat after transfers and taxes, not the World Bank series. PH uses income (FIES).

Index 0–100

SEA-11 · year and source on every row · no missing values filled

Gini index. Mixed vintages. Each row includes source, year and as_of.
CountryIndex 0–100Survey year / welfareSource & notes
Malaysia40.72021

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2021 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI/PIP. Highest Gini among seeded SEA-11 WDI series. Aligned with people_risk.

Philippines39.32023

Income · FIES

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP income/FIES) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI uses FIES income welfare (39.3). PIP also publishes consumption Gini 35.2 for 2023 — not mixed here. Aligned with people_risk.

Singapore§ SingStat36.42024

SingStat · after transfers & taxes · not WDI

SingStat household income Gini after transfers & taxes · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

NOT World Bank SI.POV.GINI (blank for SGP). After government transfers & taxes = 0.364 (2024); pre-transfer 0.435. Aligned with people_risk methodology note.

Vietnam36.12022

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2022 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI/PIP. Aligned with people_risk.

Laos34.72024

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI/PIP (PIP reports 34.8 — WDI rounds to 34.7). Aligned with people_risk.

Indonesia34.42025

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2025 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI/PIP. Aligned with people_risk.

Thailand33.32024

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2024 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

WDI/PIP. Aligned with people_risk.

Myanmar30.72017 · STALE

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2017 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

Stale 2017. Aligned with people_risk.

Timor-Leste28.72014 · STALE

Welfare basis: see source notes

World Bank WDI SI.POV.GINI (PIP) · year 2014 · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

Stale 2014. Aligned with people_risk.

Brunei—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank SI.POV.GINI / national · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: no recent World Bank SI.POV.GINI; national HIES Gini not in comparable series. Aligned with people_risk.

Cambodia—
GAP
—

No observation

World Bank SI.POV.GINI / PIP · year unavailable · as_of 2026-09-06
Observation notes

GAP: WDI/PIP blank for Cambodia. people_risk had 38.0 (ASEAN KF ~0.38) FLAG unverified — NOT shipped here. WB Cambodia Poverty Assessment cites ~32.2 (2019/20) on different series — deferred pending WDI.

Philippines highlighted. Each row’s badge is the provenance for its value. Empty cells are gaps, not zero. Bars use a zero baseline.

Philippines: distinct extreme-poverty lines

Separate PPP standards, both income (FIES); not a trend between years.

ThresholdPopulation shareSource / year / as_of
$2.15/day · 2017 PPP1.64%
World Bank PIP $2.15/day (2017 PPP) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06
$3.00/day · 2021 PPP5.32%
World Bank WDI SI.POV.DDAY / PIP $3.00/day (2021 PPP) · year 2023 · as_of 2026-09-06

Key findings from this pack

  • National poverty lines are domestic context, not a harmonised regional ranking.
  • Philippine international estimates use income; several peers use consumption.
  • PPP thresholds remain separate and survey years vary.
  • Brunei, Singapore and Cambodia have documented coverage gaps.

Methods & gaps

The headline’s peer five is PH / MY / TH / VN / ID, comparing the supplied reported values. National thresholds differ and cannot establish a harmonised cross-country poverty ranking. International rows also have mixed survey years and welfare types: PH is income (FIES), while several peers are consumption-based. Do not read the bars as a common-year, common-welfare survey.

National poverty is domestic context

Each national threshold reflects a country-specific definition. National values are shown alphabetically in their own strip, not added to or ranked with PPP observations. Cambodia’s national row uses ASEAN Key Figures; the original note explains why an older WDI observation was not selected.

PPP standards and welfare concepts

The two international panels use distinct legacy 2017 PPP lines. The PH extreme-poverty callouts explicitly separate the 2017 and 2021 PPP standards. Current WDI line definitions in this pack must not be relabelled as legacy thresholds.

Philippine international rates and Gini use FIES income to match the locked pack. PIP consumption estimates for the Philippines are not substituted, averaged or drawn alongside its income series. Other countries’ supplied welfare types remain labelled where documented; the panel is not a fully harmonised income-only comparison.

Mixed vintages and special sources

Every row labels its survey year. Timor-Leste and Myanmar observations carry stale badges; no common-year interpolation is performed. Singapore Gini is SingStat after transfers and taxes, marked separately from WDI/PIP. Do not treat it as the same methodology.

Missing is not zero

Brunei and Singapore national poverty are N/A. Their international lines are uncovered in the pull. Cambodia’s PPP and Gini cells remain gaps; no unverified Cambodia Gini is propagated. Genuine zero or near-zero values in the CSV remain observations with their source and year.

Original coverage and welfare notes · Pack definitions

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ASEAN in Data (2026). Poverty & inequality in Southeast Asia. /topics/poverty-inequality

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