Brunei

Small hydrocarbon economy; low inflation (1.6%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Small hydrocarbon economy; low inflation (1.6%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Small hydrocarbon economy; low inflation (1.6%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

Small hydrocarbon economy; low inflation (1.6%). WEO Apr 2026 projection.

GAP: No WDI GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS observations in API pull.

WEO Apr 2026 PCPIPCH — 2026 projection (headline CPI % change); complements scale_growth

Brunei dollar interchangeable with SGD; no standalone BI-style policy rate in BIS CBPOL — rate cell empty

Brunei dollar interchangeable with SGD; no standalone BI-style policy rate in BIS CBPOL — rate cell empty

Current account balance (% of GDP). BoP concept — do not conflate with fiscal balance. Oil/gas exporter — CA highly sensitive to hydrocarbon prices.

Total reserves in months of imports. Entrepôt / re-export economies (esp. Singapore) can look thin on this ratio despite large absolute reserves. Small open oil economy; months-of-imports swings with energy import/export mix.

Intentional IDS reporting-coverage gap. No external debt observation in the locked pull; not zero and not replaced by fiscal public debt.

GAP: No WDI GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS observations in API pull.

GAP: No WDI GC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS observations in API pull.

IMF general government revenue % GDP — NOT the same series as WDI tax revenue or WDI revenue excl grants. Use for BRN/IDN/VNM revenue context; do not mix into WDI tax ranking. Primary cite for this ISO where WDI tax/revenue is GAP.

AIR 2025 Figure 1.4. Turnaround from disinvestment. Cross-check vs data/fdi_flows/recipient_totals.csv ASH2025.

Display billion from svc_exports_usd; do not re-average

Display billion from ict_exports_usd; do not re-average

WDI BX.GSR.CCIS.ZS latest non-null; raw=3.27205418369471

Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. Cross-country comparable; may diverge from national LFS.

FAO cereal yield (kg/ha) via WDI. Includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, mixed grains.

GAP: WDI SN.ITK.MSFI.ZS blank for Brunei in API pull.

GAP: WDI blank 2010–2025. FAO often classifies high-income AMS as <2.5% — not inventable as a point estimate here.

Aligned with data/growth_engines/indicators.csv agr_pct_gdp (API-verified 2026-09-06).

Heritage Index of Economic Freedom overall score (0–100). Edition 2026. World rank 51; Asia-Pacific region rank 9; score change +0.5. PDF: https://static.heritage.org/index/pdf/2026/2026_indexofeconomicfreedom.pdf

Investment Freedom component (0–100). World rank 51; Asia-Pacific region rank 9; score change +0.5. PDF: https://static.heritage.org/index/pdf/2026/2026_indexofeconomicfreedom.pdf

Statutory FDI restrictiveness, total all activities (0=open, 1=closed). End-Dec 2024 measures. Prefer over discontinued Doing Business.

Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP). Prefer for credit-depth charts.

Commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults (IMF FAS via WDI). Stale vintage (2021) — badge required.

Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%). Vintage 2022 — badge if peers are 2024–25.

Access to electricity (% of population). SDG 7.1.1 / ESMAP via WDI.

Energy imports, net (% of energy use). Negative = net exporter. Singapore elevated by entrepôt/refining trade.

Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total).

GAP: not among USGS itemised nickel mine producers (SEA concentration is IDN+PHL).

Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high). Stale: last WDI obs 2018 (country not in LPI 2023 sample of 139).

Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units). Transshipment counted as two lifts — hub volumes look large vs domestic economy size.

Individuals using the Internet (% of population).

Median mobile download (Mbps). Consistent SEA-11 vintage from WB IEP chart citing Ookla Speedtest Global Index Sep 2025.

GAP: Brunei and Timor-Leste not in Global Findex / Little Data Book 2025 country tables; no FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS observations.

Cross-check baseline for source→recipient pack. SGP ~63% of ASEAN total — financial hub distortion.

No observation in the 2000–2025 API window.

No observation in the 2000–2025 API window.

No recent observation. Latest available in this window: 2009; inspect historical data.

Proportion of population covered by at least one social protection benefit (effective coverage). ILO construct — do not mix with ASPIRE household-survey coverage on the same axis. Sex=BOTHSEX. Source tag: ILO - Social Security Inquiry Database.

Proportion of persons above statutory pensionable age receiving a pension. Includes contributory and non-contributory where reported by ILO. Sex=BOTHSEX. Source tag: ILO - Social Security Inquiry Database.

GAP: no ASPIRE/WDI observation for this economy (often high-income or survey not in ASPIRE). Coverage of social protection and labor programs (% of population; direct+indirect beneficiaries). Household-survey ASPIRE — mixed/stale vintages; badge year. BRN/SGP typically not in ASPIRE.

Average monthly earnings in PPP international dollars (ILO conversion). Prefer for cross-country earnings comparison vs market-USD. STALE vintage (2014) — badge year heavily. ILO note: Break in series: Methodology revised | BND: Brunei dollar Survey/source: LFS - Labour Force Survey

Statutory monthly minimum wage (ILO labour legislation). Definitions differ: national vs regional lowest vs mean of regions — badge year and read notes. Not a living-wage measure. GAP: no national statutory minimum wage series in ILO EAR_INEE for this economy (sectoral / PWM / no national floor).

GDP price level index relative to the United States (=100). Higher = more expensive basket vs US. Living-cost / price-level panel — never mash with wage ranks.

Female LFPR (% of female population ages 15+). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. API-verified 2026-09-06.

Gender LFPR gap in percentage points (male minus female). Positive = male participation higher. Derived from same-year WDI modeled ILO.

GGGI score 0–1 (higher=more parity). Global rank 107. Cross-checked vs published 2025 rankings table.

Country-specific national line

No observation

No observation

Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Vintage 2024.

Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation via WDI. Vintage 2024.

Index 0–100 (geometric mean of tracer service-coverage indicators). WHO GHO original; OWID distribution. Vintage 2023 for all SEA-11. WDI SH.UHC.SRVS.CV.XD archived — not used.

HDR footnote m on expected years; adults aged 25+

PISA 2022 mean mathematics score (primary learning metric for this pack).

HCI scale 0–1. Latest published HCI vintage is 2020 (World Bank HCI update).

Labour force participation rate, total (% of population ages 15+). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. Value verified vs API 2026-09-06 and aligned with people_risk/indicators.csv.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Modeled ILO estimate via WDI. New to labour_youth pack (not previously in people_risk).

Highest youth unemployment in SEA-11 on this modeled series. Aligned with people_risk/indicators.csv.

Total population. WDI demographic series based on UN World Population Prospects.

Population growth (annual %).

Total fertility rate (births per woman). Latest WDI vintage 2024 as of API pull.

EGDI composite 0–1 (higher=better); group=VHEGDI; rating=V1; egdi_rank_2022=68; epi_rank_2022=81; rank_improve_places=-7

EGDI global rank (1=best of 193); group=VHEGDI; rating=V1; egdi_rank_2022=68; epi_rank_2022=81; rank_improve_places=-7

E-Participation Index 0–1; group=VHEGDI; rating=V1; egdi_rank_2022=68; epi_rank_2022=81; rank_improve_places=-7

EPI global rank (1=best of 193); group=VHEGDI; rating=V1; egdi_rank_2022=68; epi_rank_2022=81; rank_improve_places=-7

Score 0-100. Republished by Nations Inquiry from publisher xlsx; direct xlsx captcha-blocked 2026-10-04. Methodology revised vs 2024; do not difference.

Global rank out of 195. Same file as the score. Not comparable to 2024 rank.

0-1 index as of 2023. DataMapper pull 2026-10-04. Vintage older than 2025. Rounded half-up to 3 d.p.

DataMapper series DI. Sums with HCLMP+IEI+RE to AI_PI. Not a 0-1 pillar score and not compute.

GAP: not in Tortoise Global AI Index 5th edition (83 countries: IDN, MYS, PHL, SGP, THA, VNM only among SEA-11).

GAP: not in Tortoise Global AI Index 5th edition (83 countries: IDN, MYS, PHL, SGP, THA, VNM only among SEA-11).

GAP: not in Tortoise Global AI Index 5th edition (83 countries: IDN, MYS, PHL, SGP, THA, VNM only among SEA-11).

A extensive, B significant, C medium, D low. NOT an AI index.

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

WGI estimate · higher = stronger

Score · higher = freer

Sum of Total Affected across Natural disaster subtype-year rows, 2015–2024. Events=0; subtype-rows with blank affected=0/0. Years with ≥1 Natural event: none. Damage reporting incomplete in EM-DAT — see damage metric notes.

INFORM dimension 0–10 (higher=worse); Natural sub=2.9; risk class=Low. Overall INFORM total lives in governance_risk pack — not duplicated as sole column here.

Higher=better adaptation position; global rank 80/190 by 2024 score; zip resources-2026-26-05-12h02.zip

Low